আপুনি যদি Voice Change Complete Guide Book বিচাৰি আছে তেন্তে Nitid Academy একমাত্ৰ ৱেবচাইট যত আপুনি বিনামূল্যত Voice Change Complete Guide Book PDF Free পাব।
A Complete guide Book for Voice Change- Free PDF
ইয়াত আমি Voice Change কৰাত বাবে যিমান নীতি নিয়ম মানি চলিব লগীয়া হয় তাৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ আলোচনা কৰাৰ ওপৰিও PYQ Solve কৰি এক সম্পূৰ্ণ PDF Notes প্ৰস্তুত কৰি দিয়া হৈছে।
Rule 1 for Voice Change
প্ৰদত্তটো Sentence টো Active Voice অত নে Passive Voice অত আছে তাক প্ৰথমে নিৰ্ণয় কৰিব লাগে। Sentence ৰ Main Verb টো যদি Past Perfect Form অত থাকে আৰু তাৰ আগত যদি কোনো এটা ‘Be verb ‘ থাকে তেন্তে Sentence টো Passive Voice অত থকা বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। ওপৰত উল্লেখিত দুয়োটা চৰ্ত নাইবা যিকোনো এটা চৰ্ত যদি কোনো Sentence অত নাথাকে তেন্তে Sentence টো Active Voice অত থকা বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। মন কৰিবলগীয়া কথা হ’ল যে কেতিয়াবা একেটা Verb য়েই অৱস্থা সাপেক্ষে Be Verb নাইবা Auxiliary Verb বা Main Verb হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে ‘am’ Verb টোক ল’ব পাৰি।
(i) I am a teacher.(ইয়াত ‘am’ টো Main Verb)
(ii) I am teaching you English now.( ইয়াত ‘am’ টো Auxiliary Verb হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছে।)
(iii) I am asked to teach you well.(ইয়াত ‘am’ টো Be Verb হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছে।)
তলৰ উদাহৰণ দুটাৰ দ্বাৰা Active Voice আৰু Passive Voice ৰ ধাৰণাটো অধিক স্পষ্ট কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰা হৈছে।
(1) He has done the work.
এই বাক্যটোত Main Verb টো Past Perfect Form অত আছে কিন্তু তাৰ আগত কোনো ‘Be’ Verb নাই। ‘has’ Verb টো Auxiliary Verb হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছে,’Be’ Verb হিচাপে নহয়। গতিকে Sentence টো Active Voice অত আছে।
(2) The sum has been done by her.
এই Sentence টোত Main Verb টো Past Perfect Form অত আছে আৰু তাৰ লগত ‘ has been ‘ নামৰ ‘Be’ Verb টোও আছে। গতিকে Sentence টো Passive Voice অত আছে।
সাধাৰণতে তলত উল্লেখ কৰা ‘Be’ Verb বোৰ আমি Passive Voice অত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰোঁ।
| Tense | ‘Be’ Verbs |
| Present Indefinite Tense | am, is, are |
| Present Continuous Tense | am being, is being, are being |
| Present Perfect Tense | have been, has been |
| Past Indefinite Tense | was, were |
| Past Continuous Tense | was being, were being |
| Past Perfect Tense | had been |
| Future Indefinite Tense | shall be, will be |
| Future Continuous Tense | shall be being, will be being |
| Future Perfect Tense | shall have been, will have been |
অন্যান্য ‘Be’ Verb সমূহ হৈছে
may be, might be, must be, can be, could be, should be, ought to be, ইত্যাদি।
Rule 2 for Voice Change
প্ৰদত্তটো Sentence টো Active Voice অতে থাকক বা Passive Voice অতে থাকক তাৰ subject,verb, object আৰু complement সঠিককৈ চিনি ল’ব লাগে। কেতিয়াবা কোনো Sentence অত object টো লুকাই থাকিব পাৰে, তেতিয়া suitable object এটা ধৰি ল’ব লাগে। Sentence টোৰ action টোয়ে ভাল কাম বুজালে সম্ভাব্য যিকোনো ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুক object হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰি।অপৰাধজনিত বিষয় উল্লেখ থকা Sentence অত Object নাথাকিলে object হিচাপে someone নাইবা somebody ক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পৰা যায়। বিশেষ action ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত বিশেষ ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুক object হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। Noun হ’লেও ঠাই আৰু সময় বুজোৱা শব্দ subject নাইবা object হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ নহয় বুলিয়েই ক’ব পাৰি। ব্যতিক্ৰমো আছে। যেনে, Columbus discovered America (Active Voice) America was discovered by Columbus. (Passive Voice)
Rule 3 for Voice Change
Active Voice ৰ Object টো Passive Voice অত Subject হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ হয়। সেইদৰে Passive Voice ৰ Subject টো Active Voice অত Object হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
Rule 4 for Voice Change
Active Voice ৰ Verb টো যি Tense অতেই নাথাকক কিয় ই Passive Voice অত সদায়েই Past Perfect Form হয় আৰু তাৰ আগতে Active Voice ৰ Verb ৰTense আৰু Passive Voice ৰ Subject ৰ Person আৰু Number অনুসৰি একোটা ‘Be’ Verb বহে।
সেইদৰে Passive Voice ৰ ‘Be’ Verb ৰ Tense অনুসৰি Active Voice ৰ Main Verb ৰ Tense নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয়।
Rule 5 for Voice Change
Active Voice ৰ Subject টো Passive Voice অত Object হয় আৰু তাৰ আগতে প্ৰয়োজন সাপেক্ষে by, to,at, with, on আদি Preposition ৰ যিকোনো এটা ব্যৱহাৰ হয়। সেইদৰে Passive Voice ৰ Object টো Active Voice অত Subject হয়।
Rule 6 for Voice Change
যি Interrogative Sentence ‘Who’ ৰ দ্বাৰা আৰম্ভ হয় তাক Active Voice ৰ পৰা Passive Voice লৈ নিবলৈ হ’লে প্ৰথমতে Who ৰ সলনি By whom লিখিব লাগে আৰু তাৰ পাছত Active Voice ৰ Verb ৰ Tense আৰু Object অনুসৰি একোটা ‘Be’ Verb ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Active Voice ৰ Object টো লিখিব লাগে। তাৰ পিছত Verb ৰ Past Perfect Form লিখি কিবা Complement থাকিলে লিখি শেষত প্ৰশ্নবোধক চিন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব লাগে। সেইদৰে Passive Voice ৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ‘By whom ‘ থাকিলে Active Voice অত ইয়াৰ সলনি ‘Who’ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। Passive voice ৰ ‘Be’ Verb ৰTense অনুসৰি Active Voice ৰ main Verb ৰ Tense নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয় । Object আৰু প্ৰশ্নবোধক চিন যথাস্থানতে থাকে।
Rule 7 for Voice Change
‘Who’ ৰ বাহিৰে আন Question Word যেনে how, when, where, which, whom আদি Question Word ৰে আৰম্ভ হোৱা Interrogative Sentence, Passive Voice লৈ নিবলৈ হ’লে প্ৰদত্ত Question Word টো যথাস্থানতে ৰাখিব লাগে। তাৰ পিছত Active Voice ৰ main Verb ৰ Tense অনুসৰি একোটা ‘Be’ Verb Passive Voice ৰ Subject ৰ আগত বহে আৰু পূৰ্বৰ নিয়মৰ দৰেই Object আৰু প্ৰশ্নবোধক চিনৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।
Rule 8 for Voice Change
কেৱল Auxiliary Verb ৰে আৰম্ভ হোৱা Interrogative Sentence, Active Voice ৰ পৰা Passive Voice লৈ নিবলৈ হ’লে Active Voice ৰ main Verb ৰ Tense ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি একোটা ‘Be’ Verb Passive Voice ৰ Subject ৰ আগত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব লাগে। Do, Does, আৰু Did এই তিনিটা Verb Passive Voice অত ব্যৱহাৰ নহয়। মন কৰিবলগীয়া কথাটো হ’ল যে দুটা Word থকা ‘Be’ Verb ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত Interrogative Sentence ৰ Passive Voice অত প্ৰথমটো’Be’ Verb Subject ৰ আগত বহে আৰু দ্বিতীয়টো ‘Be’ Verb Main Verb ৰ Past Perfect Form ৰ আগত বহে। যেনে:
(i) How have you done the sum?(Active)
How has the sum been done by you?(Passive)
(ii) Are you writing an article?(Active)
Is an article being written by you?(Passive)
(iii) What are you doing?(Active)
What is being done by you?(Passive)
Exceptional Rule 1 for Voice Change
Imperative Sentenceৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত Sentence ৰ আৰম্ভণিতে Please/ Kindly থাকিলে Passive Voice অত ‘Please’ বা ‘Kindly’ ৰ সলনি “You are requested to” লিখি Active Voice অত থকা Word সমূহ Passive Voice অত একে ৰাখিব লাগে। Direct Verb ৰে আৰম্ভ হোৱা Active Voice, Passive Voice লৈ নিবলৈ হ’লে এই Formation টো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব লাগে —- Let+Object+be + Past Perfect Form of the Verb+Complement( যদি আছে)।
(i) Please give me your pen.(Active)
You are requested to give me your pen.(Passive)
(ii) Change this Voice.(Active)
Let this voice be changed.(Passive)
Exceptional Rule 2 for Voice Change
‘Be’ বা ‘Keep’ Main Verb হিচাপে আৰম্ভ হোৱা Imperative Sentence, Active Voice ৰ পৰা Passive Voice কৰিবলৈ হলে Active Voice অত থকা Sentence টোৰ অৰ্থ অনুসৰি Passive Voice অত “You are advised to” নাইবা “You are asked to” নাইবা You are warned to” নাইবা অৰ্থৰ লগত সংগতি ৰাখি আন কোনো Phrase ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Active Voice অত থকা word সমূহ লিখিব লাগে।
(i) Be honest.(Active Voice)
You are advised to be honest.(Passive Voice)
(ii) Be careful.(Active Voice)
You are warned to be careful.(Passive Voice)
(iii) Keep Silent (Active Voice)
You are asked to keep silent.(Passive Voice)
Exceptional Rule 3 for Voice Change
যিবোৰ Passive Voice , Active Voice ৰ দৰে লিখা হয়, কিন্তু অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰে Passive Voice ৰ দৰে সেইবোৰক Quasi-Passive বোলা হয়। এনেকুৱা Sentence অক Passive Voice কৰিবলৈ তলত দিয়া Examples বোৰ ভালদৰে লক্ষ্য কৰিলে বুজাত সহায় হ’ব।
(i) Honey tastes sweet.(Active Voice)
Honey is sweet when it is tasted.(Passive Voice)
(iii) My pen writes well (Active Voice)
My pen is well when it is written with.(Passive voice)
(iv) The flower smells sweet.(Active Voice)
The flower is sweet when it is smelt.
Active Voice ৰ Subject আৰু Complement একে ৰাখি মাজত Active Voice ৰ Tense অনুসৰি is/are ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব লাগে আৰু ইয়াৰ পিছত When it is Verb ৰ Past Perfect Form লিখিব লাগে।
Exceptional Rule 4 for Voice Change
দুটা Object থকা Active Voice, Passive Voice কৰিবলৈ হ’লে যিকোনো এটা Object অক Passive Voice অত Subject কৰিব লাগে আৰু ৰৈ থকা Object টোক Passive Voice অত Object হিচাপে একে স্হানতে ৰখা হয়। ইয়াক ইংৰাজীত Retained Object বুলি কোৱা হয়। Example: He teaches us English. (Active Voice)
We are taught English by him or English is taught us by him. (Passive Voice)
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2000
(1) You should not raise this question now.
This question should not be raised now.
(2) The bridge was completed in a record time.
They completed the bridge in a record time.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2001
(3) They say that he is a saint.
It is said that he is a saint.
(4) Was a tiger killed by the hunter ?
Did the hunter kill a tiger?
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2002
(5) People speak English all over the world.
English is spoken all over the world.
(6) The stage was decorated by the students.
The students decorated the stage.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2003
(7) The doctor is examining the patient.
The patient is being examined by the doctor.
(8) The tiger was killed by the hunter.
The hunter killed the tiger.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2004
(9) some boys broke the window panes.
The window panes were broken by some boys.
(10) They have completed the work.
The work has been completed.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2005
(11) The teacher is correcting our copies.
Our copies are being corrected by the teacher.
(12) My book has been stolen.
Someone has stolen my book.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2006
(13) Our teacher buys book every month.
Books are bought by our teacher every month.
(14) I don’t know his address.
His address is not known to me.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2007
(15) I have posted the letters.
The letters have been posted.
(16) The lady helps the poor.
The poor is helped by the lady.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2008
(17) He is writing a letter.
A letter is being written by him.
(18) The hunter killed the tiger.
The tiger was killed by the hunter.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2009
(19) The workers repaired the bridge.
The bridge was repaired by the workers.
(20) I bought a few books.
A few books were bought by me.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2010
(21) We discussed the matter thoroughly.
The matter was discussed thoroughly.
(22) I delivered all the letters.
All the letters were delivered.
(23) You must write the answer in ink.
The answer must be written in ink.
(24) His conduct pleases me.
I am pleased at his conduct.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C. 2011
(25) The members elected the secretary.
The secretary was elected by the members.
(26) The grandmother looks after the child.
The child is looked after by the grandmother.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2012
(27) Children like sweet by the peon.
The peon opened the gate.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2014
(31) Accidents are caused by carelessness.
Carelessness causes accidents.
(32) Who did this work ?
By whom was this work done?
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2015
(33) We were surprised at his conduct.
His conduct surprised us.
(34) Why did your father refuse such an honourable job ?
Why was such an honourable job refused by your father ?
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C-2016
(52) The students elected him secretary.
He was elected secretary.
(53) The stage was decorated by the students.
The students decorated the stage.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C-2017
(54) People speak English all over the world.
English is spoken all over the world.
(55) America was discovered by Columbus.
Columbus discovered America.
Voice Change PYQ HSLC 2018
56. The letters have been posted.
I have posted the letters.
57. He did the work alone.
The work was done by him alone.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2019
58. I have lost my English textbook.
My English textbook has been lost.
59. He was punished for his misconduct.
The teacher punished him for his misconduct.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2020
60. I do not know his brother.
His brother is not known to me.
61. English is spoken by many people all over the world.
Many people speak English all over the world.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2021/22
62. Shakespeare wrote the play, Hamlet.
The play, Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
63. My pen has been stolen.
Someone has stolen my pen.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2023
(64) Whom did you call? (Change into Passive)
Who was called by you?
(65) The glass was not broken by the boy.
The boy did not break the glass
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C 2024
(66) He was writing a letter.
A letter was being written by him.
(67) Let the door be closed.
Close the door.
(68) When did you call me?
When was I called?
(69) His behaviour vexes me sometimes.
I am vexed at his behaviour sometimes.
(70) What are you thinking of?
What is being thought of by you?
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C Test 2015 (Barpeta)
(1) The patient is being examined by a doctor.
A doctor is examining the patient.
(2) Who broke the window pane?
By whom was the window pane broken?
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C Test-2015 (Dhubri)
(1) My pen has been stolen.
Someone has stolen my pen.
(2) Our principal presided over the meeting.
The meeting was presided over by our principal.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C Test-2015 (Nagon)
(1) We were punished for making a noise in the class.
The teacher punished us for making a noise in the class.
(2) Who has given the pen?
By whom has the pen been given?
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C Test-2015 (Morigaon)
(1) My address is not known to him.
He does not know my address.
(2) Post the letter immediately.
Let the letter be posted immediately.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C Test-2015 (Sibsagar)
(1) Which game do you like the most?
Which game is liked the most by you?
(2) I gave her the coin.
The coin was given her by me.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C Test-2015 (Dibrugarh)
(1) Whom did you see?
Who was seen by you?
(2) My father is surprised at the news.
The news surprises my father.
Voice Change PYQ H.S.L.C Test-2015 (Cachar)
(1) Raja will help you tomorrow.
You will be helped by Raja tomorrow.
(2) The camel is called the ship of desert.
People call the came the ship of desert.
Voice Change (Solved): An Approach to English Grammar (page 167 to 169, Edition -2023)
1. The villagers killed the tiger.
The tiger was killed by the villagers.
2. My sister has written the poem.
The poem has been written by my sister.
3. I bought an umbrella yesterday.
An umbrella was bought by me yesterday.
4. The dead body was removed from the street.
The police removed the dead body from the street.
5. Graham Bell invented the telephone.
The telephone was invented by Graham Bell.
6. Rose is called the queen of the flowers.
People call rose the queen of the flowers.
7.The principal presided over the meeting
The meeting was presided over by the principal.
8.The chief guest gave away the prizes.
The prizes were given away by the chief guest.
9.They asked the boy many questions.
The boy was asked many questions.
10. The policeman will catch the thief.
The thief will be caught by the policeman.
11.He does not know me.
I am not known to him.
12. The workers repair the bridge.
The bridge is repaired by the workers.
13. I know your father well.
Your father is known to me well.
14. He writes a letter every day.
A letter is written by him every day.
15.The workers are building a house.
A house is being built by the workers.
16. They knew me very well.
I was known to them very well.
17. Mr. Das taught us English.
We were taught English by Mr. Das.
English was taught us by Mr. Das.
18. She will write a letter tomorrow.
A letter will be written by her tomorrow.
19. They have made me the secretary of the club.
I have been made the secretary of the club.
20. Anybody can do it.
It can be done by anybody.
21. People speak English all over the world.
English is spoken all over the world.
22. Take care of your health.
Let your health be taken care of.
You are advised to take care of your health.
23. Change the voice.
Let the voice be changed.
24. They caught the thief and handed him over to the police.
The thief was caught and handed over to the police.
25. The child is looking at the moon.
The moon is being looked at by the child.
26. The news of his death shocked me.
I was shocked at the news of his death.
27.I saw him coming home.
He was seen coming home.
28. Let him do the work.
Let the work be done by him.
29. Who did it?
By whom was it done?
30. What are you looking for?
What is being looked for by them?
31. Can you draw a picture?
Can a picture be drawn by you?
32. Bimal took a bus to the fair.
A bus was taken to the fair.
33. By whom was America discovered?
Who discovered America?
34. What is done cannot be undone.
One cannot undo what one does.
35. The book was written by Tagore.
Tagore wrote the book.
36. The cat may be killed by the dog.
The dog may kill the cat.
37. Our country ought to be loved.
We ought to love our country.
38. Let the letter be written now.
Write the letter now.
39. A meeting will be held tomorrow.
They will hold a meeting tomorrow.
40. The lion is called the king of beast.
People call the lion the king of beast.
41. I am shocked at his conduct.
His conduct shocks me.
42. Two hundred people were arrested.
The police arrested two hundred people.
43. Do the work quickly.
Let the work be done quickly.
44. Columbus discovered America.
America was discovered by Columbus.
45. One thousand demonstrators were arrested yesterday.
The police arrested one thousand demonstrators yesterday.
46. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
No moss is gathered on a rolling stone.
47. Nobody abuses the child.
The child is abused by nobody.
48. Call in a doctor.
Let a doctor be called in.
You are asked to call in a doctor.
49. He laughed at me.
I was laughed at by him.
50. Sugar tastes sweet.
Sugar is sweet when it is tasted
Prepared By
Mofidul Islam, M.A
Radiance Academy, Kalgachia
